请你设计并实现一个满足 LRU (最近最少使用) 缓存 约束的数据结构。
实现 LRUCache 类:
示例:
输入
["LRUCache", "put", "put", "get", "put", "get", "put", "get", "get", "get"]
[[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]]
输出
[null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4]
解释
LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
lRUCache.put(1, 1); // 缓存是 {1=1}
lRUCache.put(2, 2); // 缓存是 {1=1, 2=2}
lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 1
lRUCache.put(3, 3); // 该操作会使得关键字 2 作废,缓存是 {1=1, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(2); // 返回 -1 (未找到)
lRUCache.put(4, 4); // 该操作会使得关键字 1 作废,缓存是 {4=4, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 -1 (未找到)
lRUCache.get(3); // 返回 3
lRUCache.get(4); // 返回 4
提示:
1 <= capacity <= 3000
0 <= key <= 10000
0 <= value <= 105
最多调用 2 * 105 次 get 和 put
使用双向链表+map实现
type LinkedNode struct {
key, value int
prev, next *LinkedNode
}
type LRUCache struct {
size, capacity int
cache map[int]*LinkedNode
dummyHead, dummyTail *LinkedNode
}
func Constructor(capacity int) LRUCache {
head := &LinkedNode{key: -1, value: -1}
tail := &LinkedNode{key: -1, value: -1}
head.next = tail
tail.prev = head
return LRUCache{
capacity: capacity,
size: 0,
cache: map[int]*LinkedNode{},
dummyHead: head,
dummyTail: tail,
}
}
func (this *LRUCache) Get(key int) int {
if node, ok := this.cache[key]; ok {
// 移动节点到链表头
this.removeNode(node)
this.moveToHead(node)
//返回值
return node.value
}
return -1
}
func (this *LRUCache) Put(key int, value int) {
if node, ok := this.cache[key]; ok {
// 移动节点到链表头
this.removeNode(node)
this.moveToHead(node)
node.value = value
return
}
newNode := &LinkedNode{
key: key,
value: value,
}
this.moveToHead(newNode)
this.cache[key] = newNode
this.size++
if this.size > this.capacity {
k := this.removeTail()
delete(this.cache, k)
this.size--
}
}
func (this *LRUCache) removeTail() int {
node := this.dummyTail.prev
this.removeNode(node)
return node.key
}
func (this *LRUCache) removeNode(node *LinkedNode) {
prev := node.prev
next := node.next
prev.next = next
next.prev = prev
}
func (this *LRUCache) moveToHead(node *LinkedNode) {
first := this.dummyHead.next
this.dummyHead.next = node
node.prev = this.dummyHead
node.next = first
first.prev = node
}
/**
* Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
* obj := Constructor(capacity);
* param_1 := obj.Get(key);
* obj.Put(key,value);
*/